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2 Elements of two-dimensional compositions
To understand well the formative works or materials which are the basis of them, we must break them down into their elements - shape, color, and texture. Color, in this division, is divided again into hue, brightness and vividness, and in the case of Shape, it is convenient to think by dividing them into point, line, face, solid, and space. Figure 1, in terms of shape, is the division on dimensions. However, there are other ways of dividing the structures sensitively and literally by form. In this generation in which the form of the geometry has expanded not only to architecture, machines, and interiors, but also to pictures, sculptures and designs, structural forms which have a regulation of order have increased - the study in this area is indispensable. On the other hand, as I will mention later (pages 254-283), many forms which don't have regulations are still used, and we cannot ignore these forms, either. In this point of view, if Shape is divided roughly, it become like Figure 2. Geometrical forms are applied to the upper division of Figure 2, organic forms which seem organic and accidental forms which have been made by accident are applied to the lower. Forms which have mathematical regulations can be reproduced, the shape is clearly decided. In short they are "fixed forms", and rational forms in a sense. On the contrary, forms which don't have mathematical regulations are impossible to reproduce. They are "unfixed shapes" in regard to reproductivity, and irrational in a sense. It seem sensitively irrational when looking at accidental forms. On the other hand, it doesn't seem especially irrational when looking at organic forms. This is because the shape is arranged and very close to geometric forms in terms of visual sense. Accidental forms and organic forms are both unfixed shapes and have a big difference in this point. Fixed shapes are easy to divide or arrange or regulate since they have regulations. On the contrary, since the particularity of unfixed shapes is difficulty to divide, they are difficult shapes to divide or systematize. Especially, uncertain structural shapes have a disadvantage. As J. Arp said, the more that are made, the more they look alike, and the less subtle differences are distinguished.
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