A lattice which divides a space is created by drawing lines perpendicular or parallel to the sides of a rectangular. The successes of the layout strongly depends on the quality of the lattice. Thus, division is a very fundamental activity for editorial designs.

There are many of these kinds of examples in the field of design. The division of a screen has been a fundamental activity for the art and design of constructive arts (after Mondrian, in the field of the fine arts). Here, "division" in two-dimensional KOHSEI (Basic Art & Design) will be examined.

The importance of the vertical and horizontal divisions from the above viewpoint is focused on here. The two are roughly categorized into equal divisions and non-equal divisions, and they are sub- divided into three and five different sub-categories. These are the contents of this section. Then, important research on proportion will be discussed as a basic theory supporting the foundation of division in the next section.

 

(1) Equal-shaped division

There are two kinds of the equal divisions - these are the equal-shaped division and the equal area division. The latter is the division requiring both areas be equal, and that the shapes of the divided shapes may be different. The former is the division requiring shapes be equal in all ways. In other words, the equal-shaped division can be said to be a more difficult area of art and design compared with the equal-area division because all the unit shapes created by the division must be congruous.

· Figure 178 below is the work of a Swiss artist of concrete art. The other three are the works of student's doing practical assignments. Because they are divided into parts with equal shapes and areas, they look ordered, and give a very clear feeling to people who see them. These are the characteristics of the art and design of equal divisions.
 
 


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Figure 178: "Groups of equal 1 and 4" R.P. Lohse (see color illustration 11).
Figure 179: Composition of  brightness and darkness by 64 equal divisions.
Figure 180: Composition by sixteen equally-shaped divisions.
Figure 181: Composition by the sixteen equal-shaped division.


 

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