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(ii) Compression phenomenon toward the parallel lines direction Let's arrange to form a square using many parallel lines (Fig. 330). Then it is felt that the square extends in a perpendicular direction against the parallel lines. The lines which are almost parallel like eyelashes are connected to the curves as shown in Figure 332. The arc with those connected outside is pulled in an outward direction, and the arc with those lines connected inside is pulled in an inward direction. Therefore, it seems that the curving rate of the latter arc is larger. It also seems shorter since the number of lines which look like eyelashes is smaller.
(iii) Illusion on area A white shape on a black background looks larger
than a black shape of the same size on a white background (Fig. 333). It
is said that the above phenomenon was already stated as a discovery on
the color study research by the great German writer, J.W. Goethe, long ago. A
shape surrounded by a larger shape looks smaller due to the comparison
effect when the colors of the shape and the background shape have the same
colors such as white/white and black/black as shown in Figures 334 and
335. The size of the center circles of the two sets of the circles are
actually the same. The same effect is observed in Figure 334.
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